Tsaatan individuals are reindeer herders and live in northern Khövsgöl Aimag of Mongolia. Initially from over the outskirt in what is currently the Tuva Republic of Russia, the Tsaatan are one of the last gatherings of roaming reindeer herders on the planet.
Tsaatan individuals are reindeer herders and live in northern Khövsgöl Aimag of Mongolia. Initially from over the outskirt in what is currently the Tuva Republic of Russia, the Tsaatan are one of the last gatherings of roaming reindeer herders on the planet. They made due for a large number of years possessing the remotest subarctic taïga, moving somewhere around 5 and 10 times each year.
The reindeer and the Tsaatan individuals are reliant on each other. Some Tsaatan say that if the reindeers vanish so too will their way of life. Reindeers give them milk, cheddar, meat, and transportation. They additionally sew their garments with reindeer hair, reindeer fertilizer energizes their stoves and tusks are utilized to make instruments. They don't utilize their creatures for meat. This makes their gathering one of a kind among reindeer-crowding groups.
As the reindeer populaces shrink, just around 40 families proceed with the convention today. Their presence is undermined by the waning number of their tamed reindeers. Numerous have swapped their roaming life for urban territories. In June 2014, after days spent stallion riding over the taïga from the town of Tsagaan-Nuur, close Khövsgöl lake, we had the opportunity to meet them.
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Tsaatan people move from one place to another without establishing any permanent settlements during the year
A residential group consisting of several families is called “olal-lal” (meaning “them” in the Tsaatan language). They usually refer to a specific group by the name of a representative member.
The sense of their community is structured around the reindeer, they are dependent on one another. Tsaatans say that if the reindeer disappear, so too will their culture
Reindeer pelts are used for making winter coats. Bags, mats for travelling, and shoes are also made from the skin. Material for shoes is taken from the skin on the reindeer’s shin. Reindeer antlers are ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine and have been supplied to China since 1975.
Tuvshinbayar & Ulziisaihan
Tsaatan communities are usually a group of tents of two to seven households that move camp to find optimum grazing for the reindeer that are treated like family members and shown respect
The reindeer are domesticated and belong to the household. The community’s chores and activities are centred around the care and feeding of their reindeer. Herding tasks are shared amongst the camp with children at a young age learning to care for the reindeer and keeping them safe.
They live in yurts made primarily of birch bark that look like the tepees of Native-Americans
Families of the same olal-lal set up tents close to one another and collaborate in livestock herding. We visited the Tsaatan people at the end of June, when they had settled at their summer spot. Its altitude is around 2300 m.
Inside the Tsaatan tent
Bolorma is boiling milk to make cheese that the family needs to feed themselves
Narahuu and Bolorma, husband and wife
Full family posing proudly with some of their reindeer
From left to right, Bolorma, Ulziitsetseg, Tuvshinbayar, Ulziichimig, Narahuu and the oldest daughter Ulziisaihan.
Ulziisaihan and Ulziitsetseg, daughters of Narahuu & Bolorma
Other members of the family living at the camp: Bayrsaïhan, Chagtan, Baagii and Nuuru
Every evening, more than 100 reindeer return to the camp after a long day walking through the taïga to find some food
These were so unforgettable moments to see them coming back, every night, as a gracious army on the horizon, with their antlers dancing in the air.
Tsaatan selfie in the taïga with Bayrsaïhan
Cutting wood for the daily needs
Tuvshinbayar is playing with the reindeer
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Running after the reindeer by sunset to bring them back to the camp for milking
The girls and younger women do the milking and make yoghurt, cheese, and milk tea
Narahuu’s aunt is offering us a bowl of Suutei tsai, the traditional salty milk tea
Ulziichimig, the youngest daughter of the family, is about to wake and tease her sister
Sunset over the Taïga
Because of the cold climate throughout the year, open grasslands spread across the high steppe. Reindeer cannot handle the heat well, so they must be pastured in high plains in the summer.
Tsaatan people believe that their ancestors’ ghosts live on in the forest as animals that give guidance to the living, so they practice Shamanism, a religion based on nature worship
The Shamanistic practices among Tsaatans differ from those of other Shamanistic religions in the region. Shaman worship among the Tsaatan people is thought to represent the oldest variant of Shamanism practiced by Mongolian nomads. Not only do they worship their Shaman, but they have many mystical holy books as well, and use many different treatises in their daily lives, including those for hunting and for calling or banishing the rain.
Baagii wearing the Tsaatan traditional dress which is characterized by hats like those of the Khalkh people, and wide deels (traditional Mongolian overcoats)
They wear strong, warm boots fashioned from the hides and sinew of their reindeer. These boots are known for their quality of workmanship and are very expensive to purchase.
Sunset on the camp
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